How to Choose the Right Tool for Website Prototyping

In today’s era, the most appropriate and flexible design process are the one which is properly deployed, maintained and can be scaled according to project requirements. The ultimate goal of a prototype is to familiarize clients with the software functionalities and allow end users to get an actual feel of the system. Hence for a designer to choose a prototyping tool depends on how well it supports iterations as well as maintain the overall system design.

As every website has its characteristics and stands different from the other, similarly prototyping tools are also distinguished by different features, styles, and objectives. Based on the project need and client specifications, every custom website design firm selects prototyping tools that best fits the system requirements.

Let’s discuss some of the most prominent prototyping tools used by designers for crafting their web layout:

UXPin
UXPin is a prototyping tool that provides an entire designing solution. It has a stable variety of UI features that allow the web designer to choose the best design for developing a website.

Webflow
Designing prototypes with Webflow are not only fast and seamless but also fun. It allows you to be creative and explore site templates and web components to add life to your project. The prototype once complete can be turned into a production ready website just by a click of a button. Webflow is responsive and can be used by anyone irrespective of development knowledge.

Mockplus
Mockplus is a desktop based application used for prototyping of mobile and web applications. It is a tool that can be used by beginners as well as experienced professionals. Moreover, Mockplus allows you to visualize designs before the web development process. It is simple; what you see is what you get.

InVision
With InVision tool, you can bring your imagination to life. It designs highly interactive web and mobile app mockups with tools to facilitate workflow. The greatest benefit of using InVision is the seamless design communication where designers and client can share the platform to view and suggest feedbacks to the proposed design model.

Conclusion
The choices are abundant and hard to pick. However, as a company providing custom website design services, it should all comes down to your client interests and project functionality requirements. Even though prototypes are useful in determining the working of a system, it should not be considered as the final design to use. They are just the framework as to test the correctness of the design before it gets implemented on live projects.

Author Bio
Michael Kamm has studied Business Studies at Brookhaven College. He is now working at Invictus Studio - professional logo design company. Michael precisely works on content marketing strategies for his company.

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Operator Precedence and Associativity in C++

When an expression contains multiple operators, the order in which different operators are evaluated is known as operator precedence. Suppose if we want to evaluate an expression 10*3+2 then we should know that whether multiplication (*) will be evaluated first or addition (+). Using normal mathematical precedence rules, we know that multiplication has higher precedence than addition. So, multiplication will take place first and then addition is held. So, expression will be evaluated as (10*3) +2 producing 32. Operator precedence is also known as hierarchy of operators.

If two operators have same precedence then the order in which operators are evaluated is known as Operator Associativity. It can be “left to right” or “right to left”.

In C++, Each operator is assigned a level of precedence. If an expression contains different types of operators, the operators with high precedence are evaluated before the operators with lower precedence. The order of precedence and their associativity in C++ language is as follows:

To solve general expressions, we can conclude that:

1: Any expression given in parenthesis is evaluated first.

2: Multiplication (*) and division (/) operators have equal precedence.

3: Addition (+) and subtraction (-) operators have equal precedence.

4: In case of parenthesis within parenthesis, the expressing of the inner parenthesis will be evaluated first.

Good Reference Article: Even or Odd Program in C++

Let’s solve two expressions by using above given results.

Example 1:

• First of all, the parenthesis inside parenthesis are evaluated as 20/4=5
• Then, the expression attained inside the parenthesis is evaluated as 3*5=15.
• Although plus (+) and minus (-) have same priority but associativity is “left to right” and plus (+) is    present on left side. So, it will be evaluated first like 7+15=22.
• At the end, 13 would be subtracted from 22 and gives the final result 9.

Example 2:

In this expression:

• 7+3 comes inside the parenthesis and evaluated first as 10.
• Now, we have 3 operators in our expression i.e. 1 minus and 2 asterisks. We know that multiplication have higher precedence as compared to subtraction. So, asterisks will be evaluated before minus. But we also have two asterisks and which one will be evaluated first? One who comes at the left side. So, 6*10 will be evaluated as 60.
• After that, 60 is multiplied with 2 giving 120.
• Now, 3 is subtracted from 120 and 117 is attained.

About Author:
Kamal Choudhary is a tech geek who writes C++ programming tutorials. He is a student of computer science in University of Gujrat, pakistan. He loves to write about computer programming. Follow him on twitter @ikamalchoudhary

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Merits and Demerits of Arrays

Array is an important data structure. We can define it by saying that it is a collection of like objects. The objects are called elements which are present at contiguous memory locations. Every element of array is accessed by using its unique index. Indices of arrays always start from zero.

Merits of Array:

1: Ease of declaration:
    Arrays provide us a handy way to declare variables. We don’t have to declare as many variables as values are being stored. We just declare an array and give it a size.  For example, if you need to declare 10 variables of integer type then you can use an array. You will not have to declare ten different variables. You just declare an array of size 10.

int array[10];
Above C++ statement will allocate ten memory locations for array variable.

2: Ease of access:
    The main advantage of array is that we can access a random element. In other data structures like linked list, we have to traverse the list to find a specific element. But in array, we just give the specific index of element and use it. It saves a lot of time and memory.

3: Contiguous memory locations:
    The elements of array are stored at consecutive memory locations. For example, if we have an array of ten elements then these ten elements will be stored consecutively in the memory. These consecutive locations help to access an element quickly.

4: Implementing data structures:
    Other data structures like stacks, queues, trees etc are widely used. Arrays provide us such functionality that we can use these data structures easily.

5: Matrices Re presentation:
    Arrays are not just one-dimensional arrays. 2-D (two dimensional) arrays are also present which help us to represent matrices.

Demerits of Array:

1: Wastage of memory:
    The biggest drawback of array is that it is fixed length. Once you have declared it, you cannot change its size at run-time. For example, if you are asked to design a program for data entry and you don’t know the exact number of records to be entered. Then you will probably declare an array of maximum size you can imagine according to your problem. Now, if user enters records less than size of array then empty memory spaces would be wasted. So, this can cause wastage of memory.
       
2: Similar data type:
    You can store only those elements in array which are similar in data type. Actually when you declare an array then you also tell compiler its data type. In linked list, you can store data of more than one type in a node. So, similar data type can be considered as a drawback of array.

3: Consecutive memory locations:
    Though consecutive memory locations are useful for fast accessing of elements of an array. But this consecutiveness also makes hard the deletion and insertion of elements. For example, if you delete an element from array then you will have to traverse the array to adjust the places of remaining elements. Traversing of array is a difficult and time-consuming job. This thing also occurs in case of inserting an element in array.



About Author:
Kamal Choudhary is a tech geek who writes about C++ programming tutorials on C++ Beginner. He is a student of computer science in University of Gujrat, pakistan. He loves to write about computer programming. You can find his full bio here. Follow him on twitter @ikamalchoudhary

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